Haiti
Results are from an analysis of the 2016 Demographic and Health Survey. Information on methodology is in the report and in the method briefs.
Prevalence of Functional Difficulties
In Haiti, the share of adults aged 15 and older with any functional difficulty stands at 24.9%. Separating by level of difficulty, the prevalence rates of some difficulty and at least a lot of difficulty are 20% and 4.9% respectively. The prevalence of functional difficulties is higher for women (27.8%) than for men (21.4%). Functional difficulties are more prevalent among older age groups, at 8.4% for ages 15 to 29, 17.8% for ages 30 to 44, 45.1% for ages 45 to 64, and 70.4% for ages 65 and over. Across the six functional domains considered, difficulties with seeing (18.5%) and cognition (7.4%) are most common.
About five in ten households have an adult with any functional difficulty: at the household level, the prevalence of any functional difficulty is at 51%, including 38.5% with some difficulty and 12.5% with at least a lot of difficulty. The prevalence of functional difficulties is higher in rural areas compared to urban areas: 26.6% vs. 22.5% among adults and 52.4% vs. 48.9% among households, for rural and urban areas, respectively.
Table 1: Haiti: Prevalence of functional difficulties (%)
| Group | Any difficulty | Some difficulty | At least a lot of difficulty |
|---|---|---|---|
| All adults | 24.86 | 20.01 | 4.85 |
| Females | 27.77 | 22.56 | 5.21 |
| Males | 21.41 | 17.00 | 4.42 |
| Rural residents | 26.59 | 21.07 | 5.52 |
| Urban residents | 22.46 | 18.55 | 3.91 |
| Ages 15 to 29 | 8.41 | 6.96 | 1.45 |
| Ages 30 to 44 | 17.77 | 16.04 | 1.73 |
| Ages 45 to 64 | 45.07 | 38.83 | 6.24 |
| Ages 65 and over | 70.44 | 45.99 | 24.45 |
| Seeing | 18.54 | 15.86 | 2.68 |
| Hearing | 3.77 | 3.14 | 0.64 |
| Mobility | 7.02 | 5.36 | 1.66 |
| Cognitive | 7.36 | 6.24 | 1.12 |
| Self-care | 1.70 | 1.04 | 0.65 |
| Communication | 1.47 | 1.09 | 0.38 |
| All households | 50.98 | 38.51 | 12.48 |
| Rural households | 52.37 | 38.70 | 13.67 |
| Urban households | 48.89 | 38.22 | 10.68 |
Source: Haiti 2016 Demographic and Health Survey, own calculations
Key indicators on the deprivations and wellbeing experienced by persons with and without functional difficulties are presented in Table 2. Table 2 begins with information on the multidimensional poverty headcount—the rate of persons deprived in more than one dimension in the areas of education, work, health, and standard of living. Persons with at least a lot of functional difficulty have a multidimensional poverty headcount of 84% compared to 74% for persons with some functional difficulty and 70% for persons with no difficulty.
Table 2: Haiti: Key indicators for adults age 15+ by functional difficulty status (% and percentage points)
| Indicator | No Difficulty | Some Difficulty | Difference between no difficulty and some difficulty | At least a lot of difficulty | Difference between no difficulty and at least a lot of difficulty |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Multidimensional poverty headcount | 70 | 74 | -4*** | 84 | -14*** |
| Less than primary school | 38 | 64 | -26*** | 79 | -41*** |
| Employment population ratio | 54 | 65 | -11*** | 55 | -1 |
| Safely managed drinking water | 77 | 73 | 3*** | 71 | 6*** |
| Safely managed sanitation | 36 | 35 | 1 | 29 | 7*** |
| Clean fuel | 5 | 5 | 0 | 3 | 2** |
| Electricity | 45 | 39 | 6*** | 34 | 11*** |
| Adequate housing | 63 | 59 | 3*** | 54 | 9*** |
| Owns assets | 25 | 22 | 3*** | 19 | 6*** |
Source: Haiti 2016 Demographic and Health Survey, own calculations
Education
The share of adults who have less than primary school as their highest level of schooling attained is significantly higher among persons with at least a lot of functional difficulty (79%) and persons with some difficulty (64%) compared to persons with no difficulty (38%). This boils down to gaps of 26 percentage points (p.p.) between persons with some functional difficulty and persons with no difficulty and 41 p.p. between persons with at least a lot of functional difficulty and persons with no difficulty.
Work
Persons with some functional difficulty have a higher employment population ratio (or share of the population working) than persons with no difficulty, at 65% and 54%, respectively. At 55%, persons with at least a lot of difficulty have a higher employment population ratio than persons with no difficulty, but this difference is not statistically significant.
Health
There are significant differences in terms of the rates of access to safely managed drinking water, with lower rates for persons with some difficulty and even lower rates for persons with at least a lot of difficulty. Rates of access to safely managed sanitation are lower among persons with some or at least a lot of difficulty compared to persons with no difficulty, but the difference is statistically significant only between persons with at least a lot of difficulty and persons with no difficulty.
Standard of Living
There is a statistically significant difference in the rates of access to clean fuel only between persons with at least a lot of functional difficulty and persons with no difficulty, at 3% and 5%, respectively. There are significant differences in terms of the share of individuals with electricity, adequate housing, and asset ownership, with lower rates for persons with some difficulty and even lower rates for persons with at least a lot of difficulty.
More results for Haiti are available in results tables on the ddi website.