Analysis of Micro Datasets: Method

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This report uses population census and Demographic and Health Survey (DHS) data for 15 countries in Sub-Saharan Africa, Asia & the Pacific, and Latin America & the Caribbean. Countries are predominantly lower-middle income countries. All countries have a Human Development Index rank above 90 and all except Tonga have ratified the CRPD (Appendix 2b).

We use three population census datasets of the 2020 census round (2015 to 2024): Guatemala (2018), Kenya (2018) and Tonga (2016). We use data from the DHS program for 12 countries: Cambodia (2014), Haiti (2016-17), Maldives (2009), Mali (2018), Mauritania (2019-2021), Nigeria (2018), Pakistan (2017-18), Rwanda (2019), Senegal (2018), South Africa (2016), Timor Leste (2016) and Uganda (2016). The 15 countries were selected given the availability of a dataset representative at both national and regional levels and has the WG-SS,. We focus on adults 15 years and older as the WG-SS may not be adequate to capture disability among children (Loeb et al 2018).

What indicators does the report produce?

This report produces various indicators to capture the rights and human development situation of persons with disabilities. The indicators are in Table 4.1 and are further described in Method Brief #1. The list of indicators was developed by reviewing the questionnaires of datasets in light of the provisions of the CRPD and the SDGs that they could capture (IWGHS 2018; OHCHR 2021). Indicators reflect a variety of achievements (e.g., access to safely managed water) and deprivations (e.g., less than primary school completion). Taking the difference of indicators between persons with no difficulties and persons with difficulties may give a gap associated with disability, i.e. the disability gap or inequalities associated with disability. How indicators are disaggregated by disability status is explained in Box 1.

Box 1: How were indicators disaggregated by disability status?

All the datasets have the WG-SS. The WG-SS measures functional difficulties for individuals in six domains: (a) seeing, (b) hearing, (c) walking/climbing stairs, (d) concentrating or remembering things, (e) selfcare, and (f) communication. A household respondent reports the degree of difficulty in each domain on a four-point answer scale: 1-‘No difficulty’, 2-‘Some difficulty’, 3-‘A lot of difficulty’, and 4-‘Unable to do’. To identify functional difficulty status groups, at least one cutoff has to be set on the answer scale of functional difficulties. Where the threshold is set can lead to varying results and may answer different data needs. This report’s results tables consistently present disaggregations using three ways to categorize individuals based on functional status and place them into mutually exclusive categories. In disaggregation a, individuals are in two categories: – No difficulty includes people who report ‘No difficulty’ in all domains. – Any difficulty includes people who report ‘Some difficulty’, ‘A lot of difficulty’ or ‘Unable to do’ for at least one domain. In disaggregation b, individuals are in three categories: – No difficulty includes people who report ‘No difficulty’ in all domains. -Some difficulty includes persons who report ‘Some difficulty’ in at least one domain but no ‘A lot of difficulty’ or ‘Unable to do’ in other domains. – At least a lot of difficulty includes people who answer ‘A lot of difficulty’ or ‘Unable to do’ in at least one domain. In disaggregation c, individuals are in two categories as follows: – No difficulty or some difficulty includes persons who report no or some difficulty for all domains. – At least a lot of difficulty includes people who answer ‘A lot of difficulty’ or ‘Unable to do’ in at least one domain. In the results described below, we mostly use disaggregations a and b. Due to sample size constraints, disaggregation a is useful to compare persons with no difficulty to persons with any level of difficulty to enable disaggregations by functional domains and also for some subgroups (e.g. by sex, age). Disaggregation b is able to identify potential deprivations among persons with some difficulty and compare them to those experienced by persons with at least a lot of difficulty.

Table 4.1: Indicators under study